Which features in a chart can mislead readers about the magnitude of change?

• A. Bright colors and bold titles
• B. Full data range
• C. Selective scales, truncated axes, or omitted data ranges
• D. Consistent axis labeling

Answer: (C)

The key idea is that how a chart’s scale and what data are shown can shape how readers perceive changes in value. Selective scales, truncated axes, or omitted data ranges distort the apparent magnitude of change because the visual map of numbers to distance or area no longer matches the actual data. If part of the axis is cut off or a data range is left out, a small increase can look like a big jump, or a large change can seem minor, simply because the chart isn’t providing the full context. That sort of distortion is exactly what makes these features misleading. Using a full data range helps readers see the true scale, while consistent axis labeling and readable emphasis (like colors and titles) aid comprehension without altering the magnitudes.